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Peanut or groundnut (Arachis hypogaea), is a species in the legume or "bean" family. The peanut was probably first domesticated and cultivated in the valleys of Paraguay. It is an annual herbaceous plant growing 30 to 50 cm (1.0 to 1.6 ft) tall. The leaves are opposite, pinnate with four leaflets (two opposite pairs; no terminal leaflet), each leaflet 1 to 7 cm (? to 2 inch) long and 1 to 3 cm (? to 1 inch) broad. |
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Peanuts are known by many other local names such as earthnuts, ground nuts, goober peas, monkey nuts, pygmy nuts and pig nuts. Despite its name and appearance, the peanut is not a nut, but rather a legume. |
India is the second largest producer of groundnuts in the world. Indian groundnuts are available in different varieties: Bold or Runner, Java or Spanish and Red Natal. The main Groundnut varieties produced in India are Kadiri-2, Kadiri-3, BG-1, BG-2, Kuber, GAUG-1, GAUG-10, PG-1, T-28, T-64, Chandra, Chitra, Kaushal, Parkash, Amber etc.
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Major Growing States: |
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Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Maharashtra ,Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, and Uttar Pradesh |
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The country has exported 638,582.97 MT of groundnuts to the world for the worth of Rs.5, 381.61 Crores/ 727.40 USD Millions during the year 2020-21. |
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Major Export Destinations (2020-21) : Indonesia, Vietnam Soc Rep, China P Rp, Philippines, Malaysia. |
Groundnut is the major oil seed crop in India and it plays a major role in bridging the vegetable oil deficit in the country. Groundnuts in India are available throughout the year due to a two-crop cycle harvested in March and Octobe
Peanuts Nutrition
Nutrition facts for 100 grams of raw peanuts:
· Calories - 567 · Protein - 25.8 grams · Fat - 49.2 grams (Saturated - 6.28 grams, Monounsaturated - 24.43 grams, Polyunsaturated - 15.56 grams) · Carbs - 16.1 grams · Sugar - 4.7 grams · Fiber - 8.5 grams · Water -7%
Groundnut Benefits
Promotes Heart Health Boosts Memory Promotes Fertility Helps in Weight Loss Prevents Gallstones Helps Fight Depression Boosts Hair Growth
Parts of the peanut include:
· Shell - outer covering, in contact with dirt
· Cotyledons (two) - main edible part
· Seed coat - brown paper-like covering of the edible part
· Radicle - embryonic root at the bottom of the cotyledon, which can be snapped off
· Plumule - embryonic shoot emerging from the top of the radicle
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